What is a microcontroller?

• A microcontroller is a computer. All computers — whether we are talking about ersonal desktop computers, large computers used in companies or a microcontroller have several things in common:
• All computers have a CPU (central processing unit) that executes programs.
• The computer has some RAM (random-access memory) where it can store “variables.”
• And the computer has some input and output devices so it can talk to people. On your desktop machine, the keyboard and mouse are input devices and the monitor and printer are output devices.
• The desktop computer you are using is a “general purpose computer” that can run any of thousands of programs. Microcontrollers are “special purpose computers.” Microcontrollers do one thing well. There are a number of other common characteristics that define microcontrollers. If a computer matches a majority of these characteristics, then you can call it a “microcontroller.
• Microcontrollers are “embedded” inside some other device (often a consumer product) so that they can control the features or actions of the product. Another name for a microcontroller, therefore, is “embedded controller.”
• A microcontroller is often small and low cost. The components are chosen to minimize size and to be as inexpensive as possible.

What is a led

Light emitting diodes, commonly called LEDs, are real important parts in the electronics world. They do dozens of different jobs and are found in all kinds of devices.Since light is generated within the solid semiconductor material, LEDs are described as solid-state devices. The term solid-state lighting, which also encompasses organic LEDs (OLEDs), distinguishes this lighting technology from other sources that use heated filaments (incandescent and tungsten halogen lamps) or gas discharge (fluorescent lamps).They come in a huge variety of sizes, shapes, and colors. They’re widely purported to make any project better and they’re often added to unlikely things (to everyone’s delight).In short, LEDs are like tiny lightbulbs. However, LEDs require a lot less power to light up by comparison. They’re also more energy efficient, so they don’t tend to get hot like conventional lightbulbs do (unless you’re really pumping power into them). This makes them ideal for mobile devices and other low-power applications. Don’t count them out of the high-power game, though. High-intensity LEDs have found their way into accent lighting, spotlights and even automotive headlights!